Character Analysis Child of the Dark - Free Essay Example

Patrick McGuire Latin American History 3/17/2010 Child of the Dark Essay I found Child of the Dark interesting because Carolina’s diary captures both her highs and lows emotionally. She can be very judgmental but also sympathetic. Her upbringing had a great influence on the shaping of her character. She was an illegitimate child of her father who was married to another woman. Because of this, she was treated as an outcast growing up. She had a very aggressive personality because she was always defending herself. But most importantly, she went to school just long enough to learn how to read and write. This ability and her passion for education separated from the rest in the favelas, I dont know how to sleep without reading. I like to leaf through a book. The book is mans best invention so far. (Jesus 17) Race seems to not be an issue with Carolina as much as education. She is a well educated and self-sufficient black mother and has difficulty dealing with the ignorance of t hose living in the favelas. When she mentions race, she always ties it back to education. As she mentions the anniversary of the Abolition, she says â€Å"In the jails the Negroes were the scapegoats. But now the whites are more educated and don’t treat us any more with contempt. May God enlighten the whites so that the Negroes may have a happier life. † (Jesus 23) She doesn’t pass judgment on the whites as a race, she blames ignorance. This is quite unique, because she frequently mentions that she is harassed for being black throughout her diary. Beyond education, she also considered herself a very devout catholic. She considers God her greatest asset as she deals with the temptation to steal food or other necessities. She states that favela life leads people with normally good moral conscience to do things they normally wouldn’t. She takes pride in the fact she supports her children without stealing and attributes her faith. Though Carolina defies a number of stereotypes about the poor, her views of the world are definitely influenced by her class standing. By comparison, class is significantly more important to Carolina than race. Though she states that education is the solution to racism, she also has a condescending view of the elite, who she believes to be exploitative and pretentious. Throughout the diary, Carolina reveals herself as a complicated individual. She describes life in the favelas as hopeless, yet she manages to rise above it in many ways. By being the exception to the rule, she further complicates the issues at hand. She describes and experiences firsthand the social and economic weight that falls upon the lower class. She believes the conditions are unreasonably difficult and expresses this difficulty by comparing it to slavery, â€Å"The birthday of my daughter, Vera Eunice. I wanted to buy a pair of shoes for her, but the price of feed keeps us from realizing our desires. Actually we are slaves to the cost of living. I found a pair of shoes in the garbage, washed them, and patched them for her to wear. (Jesus 3) At the same time doesn’t excuse them from responsibility for their own choices, I can take the ups and downs of life. If I cant store up courage to live, Ive resolved to store up patience. (Jesus 10)

The Link Between Animal Abuse and Domestic Violence - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1760 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2019/04/07 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Domestic Violence Essay Did you like this example? Introduction In 2017, 90% of the 1,873 domestic violence programs in the United States contributed to a survey conducted by the National Network to End Domestic Violence (NNEDV). In this particular survey, NNEDV collected data over a 24-hour period from the participating organizations on September 17th of that year, compiling together the number and types of calls they received. The study found that over 72,000 victims in the United States were served in a single day (NNEDV, 2017). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Link Between Animal Abuse and Domestic Violence" essay for you Create order Coupled with this information is the fact that in a study verified by the United States Humane Society, upwards of 71% of domestic violence victims stated that their abuser lashed out at pets as well (The Humane Society, 2017). Considering that animal cruelty and domestic violence are pressing issues that are often intertwined with one another, there are a few observable links that exist between the two. Some of these links include having the low activity variant of the MAOA gene, childhood trauma, heightened levels of testosterone, and exposure to societal pressures (I.e. toxic masculinity). In this paper, these links will be analyzed, and their likelihood as being potential indicators for physical violence and cruelty will be determined. Given the fact that so many cases of domestic violence and animal cruelty go unreported every year, this paper will also establish how these links may manifest in public spaces, and how potential signs of abuse/cruelty can be reported. Link #1: MAOA-L The MAOA gene, colloquially referred to as the Warrior gene, is responsible for breaking down neurotransmitters such as dopamine and serotonin. Dopamine is responsible for motor-function and releasing feel-good chemicals, while serotonin plays a role in regulating mood, sleep, and emotions. In individuals that have the low-activity variant of the MAOA gene (MAOA-L), heightened aggression and impulsiveness have been observed (Cohen, 2018). This is due to the fact that MAOA-L does not break down dopamine and serotonin as efficiently as it should. This inefficiency results in the neurotransmitters not being broken as quickly, resulting in irregularities in dopamine and serotonin levels that lead to the previously stated symptoms. That is not to say that everyone with the low-activity variant of the MAOA gene is prone to committing acts of violence, however. In a study published by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), it is stated that approximately 40% of the worlds population has the MAOA-L variant of the gene (Hunter, 2010). Although possessing this variant of the gene does not necessarily indicate that one will commit an act of violence, the presence of MAOA-L increases ones likelihood to commit a violent act. Keeping this in mind, many have turned to using behavioral genetics in recent years to explain why a spouse may lash out against their partner, or commit an act of violence against an animal. In states such as Michigan, however, domestic violence and abuse are not recognized as a sufficient defense, so the application of this type of science in a courtroom setting is minimal at this point in time. Because MAOA-L results in irregularities in the production of serotonin and dopamine in ones body, this leads to blind aggression. If someone with MAOA-L is provoked, they will typically lash out on what provoked them in a verbal or physical manner. This implies that this particular link between domestic violence and animal abuse is not necessarily causal, as the associated gene is largely blind to particular instances due to the fact that aggression spurred by MAOA-L is mostly impulsive. Link #2: Childhood Trauma Another link between domestic violence and animal abuse can be observed through individuals that have suffered childhood trauma. Due to the fact that people often experience a tremendous amount of neurological development during their adolescence, particularly traumatic events may lead to inhibited growth of the prefrontal cortex, which is responsible for executive functions that control impulsiveness, rationale, and aggression (Prefrontal Cortex, 2015). For children that have experienced childhood trauma that also codes for the low activity variant of the MAOA gene, their likelihood to commit an act of domestic violence or abuse animals raises even more. If ones amygdala and prefrontal cortex are stunted/damaged, this has been shown to interfere with ones ability to make rational decisions and reign in their emotions. With an inadequate dispersal and production of dopamine and serotonin as a result of MAOA-L, this would intensify ones emotional instability. A study published by NCBI pointed to a lack of nurture on behalf of parents may also lead to developmental disorders down the line such as Oppositional Defiant Disorder and Conduct Disorder (Petersen, 2014). Oppositional Defiant Disorder is the tendency to defy authority figures. This could include police, teachers, and parents. Conduct Disorder, on the other hand, is often categorized as a disorder wherein someone will not abide by conventional social norms, and instead express regressive behavioral patterns. What is peculiar about these two disorders is the fact that they are both diagnosed during adolescence, and presumably influenced by genetic and environmental factors. In analyzing CD and ODD, antisocial and disobedient tendencies have been observed at much higher rates in criminals that have committed physically violent acts such as murder, rape, and domestic abuse. (Febres, 2014) Perhaps the most prominent link between animal abuse and domestic violence as it pertains to childhood trauma has been through the act of committing animal abuse during ones adolescence. In studies with criminals that have been found to have caused unnecessary pain and/or death to animals while they were children, it was found that they were more likely to carry those acts of violence into adulthood. It was also found that many offenders would commit acts against people that were similar to acts they committed against animals. This points to the fact that animal abuse may in some ways condition offenders to commit violence against their spouse, or other individuals that may set them off (Febres, 2014). Link #3: Hormonal Aspects of Violence Testosterone is the sex hormone found in males that is responsible for developing secondary sex characteristics (body hair, muscle growth) and the male reproductive system (scrotum, prostate, testes, etc.). While development is testosterones primary function, there are some additional effects, particularly as it pertains to mood. Testosterone is an anabolic steroid. Like other identified anabolic steroids, testosterone leads to increased activity in the amygdala, which is responsible for emotionally driven responses and actions. Because there is increased activity in the amygdala, this redirects most neural communication away from the prefrontal cortex, which is responsible for rational decision making, leading to heightened levels of aggression and a shorter temper (Pinto, 2010). In a study researching the biological correlates of intimate partner violence perpetration, it was corroborated that testosterone does, in fact, lead to heightened levels of marital aggression, as well as an increased risk in committing intimate partner violence. While it has been found that testosterone does indeed result in heightened levels of aggression, it has also been found that it may be mediating as it pertains to the quality of ones marriage. Despite this conflicting finding, it has also been found that people are more likely to file for divorce as well (Pinto, 2010). Much like the previously established links, the correlation between animal abuse and domestic violence is aggregated through aggression and rage. In a study published by American Humane, it was stated that 71% of women seeking shelter from an abusive partner stated that their partner threatened to kill, harm, or maim their pets. As this study looking into domestic partnerships between men and women, a likely inference can be drawn that these abusive partners in fact had heightened levels of testosterone, given their overtly aggressive tendencies (Understanding the Link Between Animal Abuse and Family Violence, 2016) Link #4: Societal Aspects of Violence, and Toxic Masculinity So far, three links have been established between animal abuse and domestic violence that have largely been based on behavioral genetics. One additional link between these two acts can be drawn not through genetics, but environmental factors. The most prominent among these is the idea of toxic masculinity, and the cycle of socialization. The principal idea of the cycle of socialization is that from birth, one is socialized by their environment, and bombarded with messages that reinforce particular ideologies. This includes gender norms, religious beliefs, and specific behavioral patterns. This pattern of socialization in the most extreme of circumstances may lead to someones upbringing having a negative effect on their temperament and reactions to certain individuals. Toxic masculinity, referred to as hegemonic masculinity in the field of gender studies, is one trait that may be acquired through socialization. The core tenet of hegemonic masculinity is Manifestation of Links in Public Spaces. Conclusion At the root of all of the links between animal abuse and domestic violence that have been observed in this paper lies aggression, neurological anomalies, and errors associated with cell communication and/or signaling. All of these signs and symptoms, while not 100% indicative of the likelihood of one to commit an act of violence or animal cruelty, do in fact point to an increased likelihood of doing so. From the data compiled above, the most likely offenders are going to be males with high levels of testosterone that have the low activity variant of MAOA, who have also experienced stunted growth of their prefrontal cortex as a result of childhood trauma. At the end of the day, however, anyone is capable of committing acts of violence. It is for this reason why the behavioral genetics that points to the increased likelihood of committing acts of violence should be noted, but not used as definitive evidence to apprehend or besmirch someone. Since behavioral genetics is a relatively new field that is constantly experiencing brand new developments, the science behind why people commit acts of domestic violence and animal abuse is not entirely clear. While researchers have published papers on apparent links between the two, as well as reasons why people may commit overt acts of aggression during their adolescence and adulthood, all of the factors associated with it have not been properly identified. This can be observed through the fact that not all perpetrators of domestic violence and animal abuse are men with MAOA-L, heightened levels of testosterone, and victims of childhood trauma. This indicates one of two things: There is a common factor that has not yet been identified or each of the identified factors that boost the likelihood of committing a violent act are not necessarily intertwined. Because of the current ambiguity surrounding the topics of domestic violence and animal abuse and their linkage as it pertains to behavioral genetics and environmental factors, research of this topic is far from conclusive.

Persuasive Essay (Nuclear Energy) - 1543 Words

â€Å"A tiny speck of plutonium-239, as little as three millionths of a gram, can cause lung cancer. One pound of plutonium-239 contains enough specks to kill nine billion people instantly† (Pringle 26). Plutonium-239 is a human-made element, also known as the most dangerous substance on earth. As a by-product of uranium fission, plutonium-239 is created by generating electricity from nuclear sources. Contrary to popular belief, nuclear energy is hazardous and threatening to health. The use of nuclear energy should be banned as evidenced by the number of accidents, health effects, and global impact. Countless nuclear power plant accidents have been occurring quite frequently since its invention. Some accidents have even been underestimated,†¦show more content†¦Large radioactive clouds also covered up the sky of Europe, resulting in the evacuation of thousands of families in various countries as well. As these accidents and their disastrous results suggest, nuclear en ergy is a threat and should not be used. Even though nuclear power plants threaten the health and safety of many people, nuclear energy is being used in other ways as well, which may be even more dangerous. In 1945, the United States dropped an atomic bomb on Hiroshima, Japan, in order to end World War II. This event was the only time a nuclear weapon was used in the history. During the first two to four months, approximately 90,000 to 166,000 people died as a result. Wilfred Burchett quoted, â€Å"When you arrive in Hiroshima, you can look around and for 25 and perhaps 30 square miles you can neither see hardly a building nor a standing human. All of them are collapsed on the ground.† Yet, having seen the destructive effects of nuclear weapons, the United States currently still owns more than 7000 nuclear weapons, in which half of them could be launched in less than ten minutes. Russia is believed to be a holder of the same number or more nuclear weapons as well. The United States and Russia are the two countries with the most nuclear weapons, but in total, the number adds up to around 19,000 worldwide. Many people do not give a thought about this dangerous situation, since these weapons areShow MoreRelatedCritical Response Essay893 Words   |  4 PagesCritical Response Essay The real debate - the pipe-dream or nuclear? Mark Kenny The Nation Mark Kennys article on the coal power versus nuclear power debate was published in the Advertiser on the 31st of October 2009. The Advertiser is South Australias only daily tabloid newspaper, and is widely distributed around South Australia allowing for a large dispersion of readers from diverse cultural backgrounds and an assortment of age groups. 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Victoria Mental Health Reforms

Question: Write about theVictoria Mental Health Reforms. Answer: Introduction Mental health issues continue to affect the progress of many nations across the globe. According to statistical research, many people in the current era are mentally sick due to the lifestyles they cherry pick. Dynamics such as the over usage of drugs and alcohol has played a crucial role in elevating the issue to a certain peak. Due to this, the government of Australia in conjunction with state governments have embraced divergent counter attack measures to ensure that the wellbeing of the masses is uplifted irrespective of the challenges that they face in their daily endeavors. Victoria which is located in the southeast section of Australia is recorded as the most populated state. It is essential to note that the state government of Victoria deserves the praise directed upon it due to the health reforms that have been witnessed in the last few years. However, in as much as the government strives to ensure that the level or rather quality of services is streamlined in all the health platforms, the mental health reforms in Victoria have been outstanding (McGorry, et al. 2016). Palpably, many people in the entire nation are bound to benefit from similar reforms that are implemented to boost the health sector not only in Victoria but in the entire region. This essay assesses the reforms through a bid of divulging the primary differences and similarities that cling in the much scrutinized mental health reforms in Victoria. Victorias Mental Health Sector Overview Australia can brag to have some of the most equipped and developed medical service institutions as compared to many other nations across the globe. The masses in Australia are mobilized to get medical coverage through policies that are effective and beneficial to the majority living within the nation (Badland et al., 2014). The heavy population in Victoria has been a driving force which has propelled the government to make alterations that merge with the expectations of the people dwelling in this state. Based from their experts finding, many mental health victims have been suffering due to social discrimination and the existence of insufficient rules that protect them against the common milestones that people with disability face in the contemporary epoch (Patel et al., 2014). Nonetheless, the new reforms come as good news because the previous efforts had not be full-filling most of the notifiable problems. The core purpose of these reforms is to ensure that most people in Victoria are healthy and free from factors that drag their efficacy in building the state (Willis Keleher, 2016). As mentioned early, these reforms range from dogmas that stabilizes the use of harmful drug substances to those that empower the people to support the mentally ill victims in Victoria. Just to mention, the significance of mobilizing the people to support the sick patients reveals the direction that the state government has been willing to embrace through the entire program. This is mainly due to the fact that the new changes directly require the intervention and support of those who are mentally stable in the society. For instance, the government pin pointed that it is through the assistance of other people that the medical experts can get the correct information concerning the historical backgrounds of most of the mentally ill patients (Lewis Garton, 2017). Consequently, encouraging people from divergen t locations to contribute in the formation and implementation of legit reforms has boosted the plan magnificently. The Strategic Priorities of the Reforms and the Differences The first priority of the reforms is to alter the legislation program of the mental health management. At this point, the government yearns to ensure that the legislation of all the major health care transactions are effective enough for the people of Victoria. Therefore, more experts have been deployed in the field to carry out more research works molded to fetch more affirmative results to the plan. Additionally, the government has increased the medical budget to facilitate all the proposed management changes. It is worth mentioning that financial milestones have tainted a number of health reforms in many developing nations. However, the support that the state government of Victoria has been getting from the federal government and other non-governmental organizations has been vital in hoisting their operations. This has been different in the past couples of years whereby; the citizens had been complaining of negligence from the agents of the government (Lal Adair, 2014). Furthermo re, funds that were initially mismanaged are today traced and all the involved stakeholders and managers in diverse setups are expected to deliver positive results at all times. Additionally, the reforms are shaped to improve the mental health services offered to the populaces. This has been partially achieved in most mental health hospital in Victoria. It can be asserted that the strict employment procedure which has been implemented has played a vital part under this point. This concept is concreted because the nurses and physician who are currently preferred are those who possess the recommended credentials and those who have undergone through all the required training programs (Hercelinskyj, 2014). This exposes a major difference between the present reforms and the past situation. In past, most efforts were directed towards reforming other medication sectors. Many students were lured to specialize on other healthcare programs that were prioritized in the nation. On the other hand, the new reforms in the mental health platform have been fundamental in shading light on the importance of supporting experts under this wide field of study. The reforms also support community based programs that elevate mass awareness within the state. This concept can be supported through the measures that have been influential in enticing the people to support the medical operations of the government. For example, the people are allowed to participate openly in the reformation of different reformation programs. Through the cohesion amongst the people of Victoria, the government and medical experts are able to enlighten the people on how they can maintain positive lifestyles, and also, on how they can protect their mental health (Happell et al., 2015). Before this, there was a vivid gap between both the people and the government and the healthy masses and the mentally affected victims. Currently, the medical experts value the interests and pleas of the citizens in line with other issues that create the much desired unity amongst people living in similar geographical locations (Barry, 2014). Another reform revolves around the stabilization of strategies that build better working environments and those that link up diverse services to uplift the mental health sector. According to McSherry Wilson (2015), the past negative experiences of medical experts can be proclaimed to have affected the working panache of many physicians. Thus, the alterations which have be made have been extremely helpful. The employee compensation measures are today improved. An in-depth evaluation reveals that protecting the rights of workers in Victoria has been vital throughout their missions. Similarities The recorded incline in mental health research works depicts a major similarity between the past situation and the present. The federal government continues to support the work of medical researchers regardless of the political and economic problems that they face (Giacco et al., 2017). The state government of Victoria has also revealed some sparks of commitment towards improving the mental health situation in the nation. The involvement of key stakeholders in the entire process is a similarity that cannot be sidelined. For instance, both the state government and the national government have strived to protect their relationship with other non-governmental agencies (Gooding, 2016). This approach is imperative because the rights of both the healthy people and the sick victims are protected by many of these organizations. Conclusion In summary, the efforts of the state government of Victoria expose the importance of electing good leaders who can push for positive reformations in a country. The mentally ill victims across the globe continue to undergo different forms of challenges in their lives. Therefore, the government setups of many nations ought to consider aping similar policies that protect the rights of the people in line with their medical interests and milestones. Evidently, the development of a notion directly relies on the contribution of the people, albeit, the positive approaches are being neglected (Tengland, 2013). With this in mind, any scholar can assert that Victoria is in the right direction based from the issues that divulge the bright future of the state. There is no doubt the mentally ill patients will benefit from these reforms if the cohesion between the masses and the government is maintained over the coming years. References Badland, H., Whitzman, C., Lowe, M., Davern, M., Aye, L., Butterworth, I., Giles-Corti, B. (2014). Urban liveability: emerging lessons from Australia for exploring the potential for indicators to measure the social determinants of health. Social science medicine, 111, 64-73. Barry, C. L. (2014). Stigma, discrimination, treatment effectiveness, and policy: public views about drug addiction and mental illness. Psychiatric Services, 65(10), 1269-1272. Giacco, D., Amering, M., Bird, V., Craig, T., Ducci, G., Gallinat, J., Jovanovic, N. (2017). Scenarios for the future of mental health care: a social perspective. The Lancet Psychiatry, 4(3), 257-260. Gooding, P. (2016). From deinstitutionalisation to consumer empowerment: mental health policy, neoliberal restructuring and the closure of the Big bins in Victoria. Health Sociology Review, 25(1), 33-47. Happell, B., Platania-Phung, C., Webster, S., McKenna, B., Millar, F., Stanton, R., Scott, D. (2015). Applying the World Health Organization Mental Health Action Plan to evaluate policy on addressing co-occurrence of physical and mental illnesses in Australia. Australian Health Review, 39(4), 370-378. Hercelinskyj, G. (2014). Perceptions from the front line: Professional identity in mental health nursing. International journal of mental health nursing, 23(1), 24-32. Lal, S., Adair, C. E. (2014). E-mental health: a rapid review of the literature. Psychiatric Services, 65(1), 24-32. Le Boutillier, C., Chevalier, A., Lawrence, V., Leamy, M., Bird, V. J., Macpherson, R., Slade, M. (2015). Staff understanding of recovery-orientated mental health practice: a systematic review and narrative synthesis. Implementation Science, 10(1), 87. Lewis, M., Garton, S. (2017). Mental Health in Australia, 17882015: A History of Responses to Cultural and Social Challenges. In Mental Health in Asia and the Pacific (pp. 289-313). Springer US. McSherry, B., Wilson, K. (2015). The concept of capacity in Australian mental health law reform: Going in the wrong direction?. International journal of law and psychiatry, 40, 60-69. McGorry, P., Bates, T., Birchwood, M. (2016). Designing youth mental health services for the 21st century: examples from Australia, Ireland and the UK. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 202(s54), s30-s35. Patel, V., In Minas, I. H., In Cohen, A., In Prince, M. (2014). Global mental health: Principles and practice. Sydney: Elsevier Health Sciences. Tengland, P. A. (2013). Mental Health: A Philosophical Analysis. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands. Willis, E., Keleher, H. (Eds.). (2016). Understanding the Australian health care system. Sydney: Elsevier Health Sciences.